Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, deer fly fever and tularaemia is a zoonotic disease with an acute course. It is caused by gram-negative, intracellular bacteria Francisella tularensis. As few as 5 to 50 bacteria is enough to infect humans with tularemia. The main sources of infection are: wild rabbits, hares, rodents, birds, water and food. Humans can get infected through direct contact with a sick animal, inhaling plant dust contaminated with rodent droppings, by ingestion, through penetration into the conjunctiva and by a bite of a tick, which can be both a reservoir and a vector of Francisella bacteria. The disease may be asymptomatic, with a mild or acute course. The first symptoms of tularemia in humans usually appear after 3-4 days after infection. These include shivers, muscle ache and headache, high temperatures, irritation and lack of appetite. All forms of tularemia are accompanied by lymphadenopathy, inflammation of the lymph glands and their festering.